Covenants in the Bible
God told Adam that he could eat of any tree in the Garden with the Exception of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
Adam listened to Satan and disobeyed God (which is what sin is) and lost his right to eat the Tree of Life
The result of Sin was shame, death and separation form God for all mankind
Man has been in need of Salvation ever since
God covered Adam's shame and nakedness with a Sheepskin and told Adam that Satan would eventually be humiliated by one of his own descendants (a reference to Christ)
Mankind continued to live in disobedience to God
Of all mankind, only Noah obeyed God and was considered righteous
God vowed to wipe out all mankind except for Noah and his immediate family
God told Noah to build an Arc (which typifies salvation) and sent flood waters upon the Earth to destroy mankind who had become very wicked
The Arc came to rest on Mt Ararat (In Turkey)
From there, Noah and his sons multiplied and populated the Earth
Man failed to learn from this and continued in his disobedience
The next phase of God's plan to humiliate Satan and save mankind was to find a people who would obey him
He chose Abraham
Abraham was faithful and obedient to God and God credited it to him as righteousness
He made an Covenant with Abraham symbolized by Circumcision
God promised to bless Abraham's descendants as long as they obeyed Him
This was to be an Everlasting Covenant
Abrahams descendants included Isaac Ishmael and other children who he sent to the East
God chose to reconcile Abraham's offspring to himself through Isaac
Isaac's descendants migrated to Egypt because there was a famine in the land that God had promised to Abraham
The children of Israel (Isaac) became very numerous in Egypt
The new Pharaoh decided to make them slaves after Joseph died
God raised up Moses to lead them out of Egypt
God pronounced a number of judgments on Egypt through Moses because Pharaoh would not let God's people go (the most notable being the Passover)
Moses eventually lead Israel out of Egypt with a miraculous passage through the Red Sea
While the Israelites were in the Wilderness, God revealed his Law to Moses on Mt Sinai (commemorated at Pentecost)
Eventually, they returned to the Promised Land and defeated it's inhabitants
Israel was ruled initially by the judges and later by kings
and went through many phases in it's history
until eventually falling into Babylonian and Assyrian captivity
only to be freed by the Persians who commissioned Nehemiah to rebuild Jerusalem
See phases of Israel after Egypt
Christ was crucified some 69x7 years (483yrs) later
Christ and the New Covenant - Grace Mercy and Forgiveness (Baptism)